Import Duty Calculator — Customs Duty, Nothing Else

No VAT. No freight. No insurance. Just the customs duty line on your entry — estimated from HS chapter and market. This is the first number in the import cost chain. Get it right and everything downstream works. Get it wrong and you're fixing mistakes through every layer of the landed cost stack.

▼ DUTY ESTIMATOR

HS Chapter (2-digit)

The first two digits of your product's HS code. If you don't know it, scan the reference table below.

Goods Value (FOB)

Invoice value of the goods only. Not CIF — customs tests de minimis against FOB.

Currency

Country of Origin

Where the goods were manufactured, not where they shipped from. This determines MFN vs FTA treatment.

Importing Market

The country whose customs authority will assess the duty. Not the transit country, not the final delivery country if different.

∥ DUTY ESTIMATE

Chapter 84

HS Chapter —

Goods value in market currency —

De minimis threshold —

Estimated MFN duty rate —

Estimated customs duty —

HS Chapter Duty Rate Reference — All 7 Markets

The rates below are representative MFN (Most Favored Nation) averages by 2-digit chapter as of mid-2026. Your specific 6- or 10-digit HS code may differ — particularly for products subject to tariff-rate quotas, seasonal duties, or antidumping orders. Use this as a directional estimate. The upcoming Tariff Calculator will provide HS-code-level precision.

Ch.	Product Category	US	EU	UK	CA	AU	MX	JP	Notes

How This Calculator Works

This tool does one thing: multiplies your goods value by an estimated MFN duty rate for the HS chapter and market you select. It checks the de minimis threshold first — if your goods value is under the line, duty is zero regardless of the rate.

It does not calculate VAT, freight, insurance, broker fees, or any other import cost. That's what the Landed Cost Calculator is for — take your duty number from here and plug it in there for the full picture.

The duty rate shown is the MFN applied rate — what customs charges imports from WTO members with no FTA preference. If your goods qualify for a free trade agreement (RCEP, USMCA, CPTPP, etc.), the actual rate may be lower or zero. This calculator doesn't check FTA eligibility — that requires rules-of-origin analysis your customs broker should perform.

Duty, Then VAT — The Order Matters

Every customs authority in the world calculates import charges in the same sequence:

1. CIF value (goods + freight + insurance)
2. Customs duty (CIF × duty rate)
3. VAT/GST ((CIF + duty) × tax rate)

Duty comes first. VAT is calculated on the duty-paid CIF — meaning duty inflates the VAT base. If the duty rate is 10% and VAT is 20%, the effective tax-on-tax is roughly 2% extra on top of the nominal VAT rate. This stacking effect is why getting the duty number right matters: an error of $50 in duty becomes a $60 error in total import cost once VAT is applied to the wrong base.

Use this calculator to get the duty estimate, then run the full landed cost with VAT in the Landed Cost Calculator.

When MFN Isn't the Real Rate

Three situations where the rate in this calculator will be wrong — and what to do about each:

Section 301 / China tariffs (US). On top of the MFN rate shown here, goods of Chinese origin in certain HS chapters face additional Section 301 duties of 7.5%, 25%, or 100%. If the origin is China and the market is US, check the alert flags below the result. Our Section 301 Guide has the full product exclusion list.

Antidumping / countervailing duties. These are product-and-country-specific penalty rates that can exceed 100% of the goods value. They are not included in MFN schedules and won't appear here. If your product category has a history of AD/CVD cases (steel, aluminum, solar panels, textiles from China, furniture from Vietnam), ask your broker before relying on the MFN rate.

Free Trade Agreements. If your goods qualify under RCEP, USMCA, CPTPP, or a bilateral FTA, the preferential rate is often 0% — but you need a valid certificate of origin and the goods must meet the agreement's rules of origin. The calculator shows MFN rates because that's what applies when you don't have FTA documentation. If you do, your actual rate is probably lower.

HS Classification — The Six Digits That Determine Your Duty Rate

What an HS code actually is

The Harmonized System is a 6-digit product classification maintained by the World Customs Organization. Every country on earth uses it — over 200 customs administrations classify goods under the same 6-digit framework. The first two digits are the chapter (broad category: "machinery," "apparel," "furniture"). Digits 3-4 are the heading (subcategory within the chapter). Digits 5-6 are the subheading (the most specific WCO level). Beyond six digits, each country appends its own statistical suffix — the US Harmonized Tariff Schedule goes to 10 digits, the EU TARIC to 10 digits plus additional codes. But the first six digits are universal, and they're what determines the MFN duty rate. Misclassify at the 4-digit heading level and you've probably underpaid or overpaid by a factor of two. Customs audits HS codes on entry, and the penalty for misclassification is the unpaid duty plus interest — going back years if they find a pattern.

Why two products that seem identical can have different duty rates

A cotton T-shirt (Chapter 61, knitted apparel) and a cotton button-down shirt (Chapter 62, woven apparel) look similar to the consumer. To customs, they're different chapters with different MFN rates — Chapter 61 might be 10% while Chapter 62 is 12% in the same market. A leather shoe (Chapter 64) and a rubber boot (also Chapter 64) are in the same chapter but different headings with different rates. A laptop (Chapter 84, subheading 8471.30) and a tablet (also 8471.30) share the same rate — but a smartphone (Chapter 85, subheading 8517.12) is in a completely different chapter. The classification system rewards precision. Guessing wrong costs money. This calculator works at the 2-digit chapter level because that's where most people start. For transaction-level accuracy, you need the full 6-digit code and ideally a customs broker who has classified your specific product before.

The difference between binding and non-binding classification

The rates in this calculator are estimates based on published MFN tariff schedules. They are not binding on any customs authority. For a binding ruling — one that customs cannot retroactively overturn — you need to file a formal classification request with the importing country's customs agency: a Binding Tariff Information (BTI) ruling in the EU, an Advance Tariff Ruling in Canada, a Tariff Classification Advice in Australia. These take weeks to months but provide legal certainty. For most commercial shipments, a licensed customs broker's classification on the entry is sufficient — but the importer of record is always legally responsible for the accuracy of the classification, even if a broker prepared it. This tool gives you a starting point. Your broker gives you a defensible position. A binding ruling gives you certainty.

How Each Market Calculates Duty — The Structural Differences

United States — CIF-based, Section 301 overlay, no VAT

US customs duty is calculated on the CIF value of the goods. The US is unusual among major economies in having no federal VAT or GST at the border — the duty line is the only federal import charge. But for goods of Chinese origin, Section 301 duties stack on top of the MFN rate: 7.5% on most consumer goods (List 4A), 25% on industrial inputs (Lists 1-3), and 100% on electric vehicles (Section 301 investigation concluded May 2024). The effective duty rate on a Chapter 85 product from China can easily reach 27.5% — 2.5% MFN + 25% Section 301. This calculator shows the MFN rate only; the alert flag warns when Section 301 may apply. The US also has a Merchandise Processing Fee (0.3464% of CIF, min $31.67, max $614.35) on formal entries — not a duty, but functionally equivalent to one. China→US Electronics walks through a full CBP entry with the fee structure included.

European Union — TARIC rates, €150 duty cliff, universal VAT

The EU applies the Common Customs Tariff (TARIC) uniformly across all 27 member states. The duty rate you get in Rotterdam is the same as in Hamburg or Le Havre. The €150 de minimis exempts goods from duty — but not from VAT, which applies from €1. For goods over €150, duty is assessed on the full CIF value. The EU's duty rates are generally moderate (2-5% on most industrial goods), but there are sharp spikes on agricultural products, textiles, and footwear — the same protectionist pattern as most developed economies. Unlike the US, the EU has no additional country-specific tariffs on Chinese goods comparable to Section 301 — but it does impose antidumping duties on specific products (steel, aluminum, solar panels, ceramic tiles, bicycles) that effectively function the same way. China→Germany Customs covers ATLAS filing and the IOSS VAT system.

Japan — Low MFN, combined threshold, no special China tariffs

Japan has some of the lowest MFN rates in the developed world — 0% on most machinery and electronics (Chapters 84-85), 3.5% on consumer goods, with higher rates only on protected agricultural products. The ¥10,000 de minimis threshold covers both duty and the 10% consumption tax (JCT) combined — under ¥10,000 CIF, the shipment clears with zero charges. Over ¥10,000, both duty and JCT apply on the full CIF. Japan does not impose additional country-specific tariffs on Chinese goods comparable to Section 301, making it one of the lowest-friction developed markets for direct China-to-consumer e-commerce — at least from a tariff perspective. The challenge is product compliance (PSE, METI, food sanitation), not customs duty. China→Japan Cargo covers NACCS processing and compliance requirements.

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